Study of the Thermochemical Process Using Biomass from Forest, Agricultural, Agro-industrial, and Urban Residues
 

Biomass can be defined, from an energy perspective, as any organic matter of plant or animal origin used to diversify the energy matrix and reduce dependence on fossil fuels, which are considered the main contributors to the greenhouse effect. Key sources of biomass include sugarcane (widely used in Brazil), agricultural residues generated during harvest activities, forest and agroforestry residues, vegetable oils used for biodiesel production, as well as firewood and charcoal obtained from wood.

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To evaluate the energy potential of these materials, it is essential to conduct studies on the physicochemical, morphological, thermal, and compositional characterization of biomass. Key parameters analyzed include particle size, moisture content, ash content, carbon content, thermal conductivity, and bulk density.

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The presence of moisture in biomass can reduce the efficiency of thermochemical conversion processes and increase the emission of pollutants during combustion. Therefore, pretreatment through controlled drying is an essential step, allowing the investigation—through experimental and theoretical approaches—of the effects of operational conditions on heat and mass transfer phenomena and, consequently, the optimization of the drying process.

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In this project, the energy potential of biomass is analyzed in an integrated way, considering not only its physical, morphological, and thermal properties but also its performance in thermochemical processes. Relevant operational parameters such as temperature, pressure, heating rate, gas atmosphere, reactor type, and residence time are evaluated, as they directly influence the yield and efficiency of the process.

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The main objective of the research is to study thermochemical processes such as direct combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis, using biomass from forestry, agricultural, agro-industrial, and animal production activities. In addition to assessing the energy potential of these materials, the project aims to contribute to the reduction of environmental impacts associated with improper waste disposal.

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Additionally, the research includes analyzing the energy feasibility of converting different residues into value-added byproducts, such as biochar, bio-oil, and biogas, expanding the possibilities for sustainable biomass utilization.

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Status: Ongoing
Nature: Research
Members: Robson Costa de Sousa (Coordinator); Fernanda Falqueto Salvador; Ariany Binda Silva Costa; Bruno Fonseca Coelho; Paula Afonso Tavares; Hugo Fonseca Brandolini.